4 Common Types of Malware

Your Quick Guide to Malware

1. Viruses

The terms “viruses” and “malware” are often used interchangeably, which is a common mistake. Viruses infect other files when they’re executed. They can then corrupt data, alter operating systems and software, and spread to other computers on an unprotected network.

They’re hidden in deployable files that may be attached to emails or downloaded automatically from a website. Never open unknown attachments or click on unfamiliar links—instead, quarantine them in your antivirus software.

2. Ransomware

Ransomware is made up of malicious files that give a hacker access to your computer’s files. The hacker can steal your personal information using this malware, such as photos or important documents, and hold them ransom.

They’ll threaten to delete them if not paid a certain amount of money. However, they still may delete the information, even after being paid. This is why it’s crucial to back up your files to a protected cloud service or external hard drive.

3. Trojan Horse

Trojan horse malware is disguised as common files, such as the software you would normally download on a computer. However, users are unaware of its true intent until it’s installed.

Once downloaded, hackers can achieve complete access to your system. Trojans are hidden and delivered the same way as viruses and are often used with worms, which are replicating programs that infiltrate operating systems and spread over networks.

4. Spyware

Spyware allows a hacker to monitor what you’re doing on your computer. They can see all of your login information on personal websites, including bank and credit card logins. The hacker can then use the information to steal your identity. Spyware is often packaged within Trojan horse software.